FS-BT

Friday, 10 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Headlines for: 7/10/2009

Melon Research Sweetened with DNA Sequence
Marker-Free Transgenic Cassava Plants
Explaining International Differences in Genetically Modified Food Labeling Policies

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Melon Research Sweetened with DNA Sequence
Source:Texas Agrilife Research
Author:n/a

The melon genome has been mapped by researchers at Texas AgriLife Research, which is part the Texas A&M University system in the U.S., this press release reports. Scientists from France and Spain had already completed partial maps of segments of the melon genome sequence. The Texas Agrilife researchers connected those segments with new findings to complete the entire melon genome map. "This will help us anchor down some of the desirable genes to develop better melon varieties . . . We can identify specific genes for higher sugar content, disease resistance and even drought tolerance," said Kevin Crosby, one of the researchers involved in the project. The research results have been published in the Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Sciences. The press release can be viewed online at the link below.

http://texasextension.tamu.edu/agnews/index.php?id=1271

Marker-Free Transgenic Cassava Plants
Source:Crop Biotech Update
Author:n/a

Researchers at Thailand's Mahidol University have successfully developed molecular-marker-free genetically modified (GM) cassava plants. In doing so, they were able to demonstrate the efficacy of the ipt-type Multi-Auto-Transformation (MAT) vector system in cassava. The MAT vector system works by using the isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene as a morphological marker for visual selection of GM lines. The article says that the generation of marker-free, and "thus environmentally safe," GM cassava lines should help ease public concern regarding the use of GM cassava in both food and nonfood industries. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/online/default.asp?Date=7/3/2009#4400

Explaining International Differences in Genetically Modified Food Labeling Policies
Source:Review of International Economics
Author:Guillaume P. Gruère, Colin A. Carter, and Y. Hossein Farzin

This article by researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the University of California, Davis in the U.S. evaluates how political-economic factors affect national choices in the adoption of labeling policies for genetically modified (GM) food. The article finds that production and trade-related interests play a prominent role in labeling decision-making. Countries that grow GM crops generally have less stringent labeling policies, the article finds, while food and feed exporters to the EU and Japan are more likely to have stricter labeling policies. Labeling regulations in Asia and Europe are similar to those of Japan and the EU, the article says. It finds that the countries with no GM labeling policies tend to be those that are less developed and have important rural sectors; these countries are also more likely to have ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, according to the article. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122249758/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

The Meridian Institute's Food Security and Ag-Biotech News service summarizes recent and pertinent developments about food security issues and agricultural biotechnology. By providing balanced coverage of these issues, the service contributes to an open and constructive dialogue about agricultural issues. Food Security and Ag-Biotech News is an example of the tools and strategies developed by Meridian to support collaborative problem solving processes.

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Thursday, 9 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Headlines for: 7/9/2009

Scientists Closer to Developing Salt-Tolerant Crops
Hyderabad-Based CCMB Develops GM Fish!
New Resistant Soybean Offers Respite from Asian Rust Disease

Scientists Closer to Developing Salt-Tolerant Crops
Source:University of Adelaide
Author:n/a

Researchers in Australia and the U.K. are reporting that they have developed salt tolerant genetically modified (GM) plants. The plants are engineered to keep salt, in the form of sodium ions (Na+), out of their leaves. Salt is removed from the plant's conducting pipes (xylem) before it even gets to the plant shoot. "This reduces the amount of toxic Na+ building up in the shoot and so increases the plant's tolerance to salinity," says Mark Tester of the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine at Australia's University of Adelaide and the Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG). The research results have been published in the major plant science journal, The Plant Cell. The research has so far been conducted with model plants, but the researchers are now in the process of transferring their technology to crops such as rice, wheat, and barley. "Our results in rice already look very promising," Tester says. Salinity affects agriculture worldwide, which means the results of this research could impact on world food production and security, the press release says. The press release can be viewed online at the link below.

http://esciencenews.com/articles/2009/07/07/scientists.closer.developing.salt.tolerant.crops

Hyderabad-Based CCMB Develops GM Fish!
Source:Food & Beverage News
Author:n/a

Researchers at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) in India say they have developed genetically modified (GM) carp that grow bigger and faster than other fish. The GM carp do not contain foreign genes but instead carry a synthesized gene that the article describes as "a mashed cocktail" of the fish's own DNA. The gene is said to stimulate the production of a growth hormone. The article reports that while India has a regulatory mechanism in place for overseeing research and trials on GM plants, no such mechanism yet exists for GM animals or microorganisms. Such a mechanism is now needed, the article argues. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://greenbio.checkbiotech.org/news/hyderabad_based_ccmb_develops_gm_fish

New Resistant Soybean Offers Respite from Asian Rust Disease
Source:IITA
Author:n/a

A new soybean variety with resistance to the Asian soybean rust, a deadly fungal disease, is being released in Nigeria. The variety, called TGx 1835-10E, was bred by scientists at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and further developed in collaboration with the National Cereal Research Institute (NCRI) of Nigeria. "It was previously released in Uganda, and has already shown excellent performance in trials carried out in Southern Africa suggesting that it is a well-adapted variety," says Hailu Tefera, an IITA soybean breeder. The press release reports that Asian soybean rust first arrived in Africa in 1996, rapidly spreading through Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, causing up to 80 percent yield loss in badly-affected fields. The disease was first noted in Nigeria in 1999. The press release says that for most African farmers, using resistant varieties is the most viable method to control the disease as applying fungicides proves very costly. The press release can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www.iita.org/cms/details/news_details.aspx?articleid=2517&zoneid=81

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Please note that it is the policy of Food Security and Ag-Biotech News to use the titles from the original source for summaries, and these do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editors.

Wednesday, 8 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Headlines for: 7/8/2009

Pests Could Overcome GM Cotton Toxins
Balancing Productivity and Trade Objectives in a Competing Environment: Should India Commercialize GM Rice with or without China?
Bayer CropScience and Monsanto Sign Cross Licensing Agreement on Herbicide Tolerance Traits in Rapeseed/Canola

Pests Could Overcome GM Cotton Toxins
Source:Nature
Author:Heidi Ledford

In a laboratory study, U.S. researchers found that insect pests were able to develop resistance to two separate Bt toxins: Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. The researchers worked with pink bollworms (Pectinophora gossypiella), insect pests that attack cotton crops in the southern U.S. They tried to selectively breed the insects for resistance to Cry2Ab and found that that some were also resistant to Cry1Ac. One strain of pink bollworm was resistant to 240-times higher levels of Cry2Ab than normal, and 420-times higher concentrations of Cry1Ac. This was a surprise since Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab function by binding to different target sites. Cry2Ab resistance levels were still not high enough to confer resistance to insect resistant genetically modified (GM) crops in the field. According to the article, one of the most common "pyramided" or "stacked" genetically modified (GM) crops in the U.S. is an insect resistant cotton that produces both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. Crop developers have been moving towards creating insect resistant modified (GM) crops with more than one Bt protein, in an effort to make it more difficult for insects to develop resistance. But the article says the research results, which have been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), "strike a cautionary note." The research suggests that it may be possible for insects to overcome two disparate Bt toxins produced by GM cotton, the article says. "Pyramids are not a panacea . . . Evolution by insects is not something that scientists are going to stop," says one of the researchers, Bruce Tabashnik, an entomologist at the University of Arizona in the U.S. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://greenbio.checkbiotech.org/news/pests_could_overcome_gm_cotton_toxins

Balancing Productivity and Trade Objectives in a Competing Environment: Should India Commercialize GM Rice with or without China?
Source:Agricultural Economics
Author:Guillaume P. Gruère, Simon Mevel, and Antoine Bouët

This article by researchers at the World Bank and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) analyzes the potential economic effects of introducing genetically modified (GM) rice in India, in the presence of labeling and import approval regulations in "GM sensitive importing countries". The article finds that the welfare gains from introducing GM rice in India would largely exceed any potential export losses, with or without China introducing GM rice. The segregation of non-GM rice could help reduce these minor losses, the article says. The article's analysis is based on a multiregion, computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122463385/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

Bayer CropScience and Monsanto Sign Cross Licensing Agreement on Herbicide Tolerance Traits in Rapeseed/Canola
Source:Bayer CropScience
Author:n/a

Under the terms of a new global agreement, Monsanto Company will grant Bayer CropScience access to Monsanto's herbicide tolerance technology ("Genuity Roundup Ready") in canola and Bayer CropScience will grant Monsanto access to its herbicide tolerance technology ("LibertyLink") in canola. "LibertyLink and Genuity Roundup Ready are the two leading weed control systems available in the marketplace today and growers will be able to choose our [genetically modified (GM)] seed with either system, or even both, in around three to four years time," says Joachim Schneider, head of Bayer CropScience's bioscience business unit. The press release can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www.bayercropscience.com/bcsweb/cropprotection.nsf/id/EN_20090629?open&l=EN&ccm=500020

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Please note that it is the policy of Food Security and Ag-Biotech News to use the titles from the original source for summaries, and these do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editors.

Tuesday, 7 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Headlines for: 7/7/2009

Mexico Creates Technical Committee for GMOs
Defining 'Sustainable Agriculture'
Event Notification: Tropical Crop Biotechnology Conference

Mexico Creates Technical Committee for GMOs
Source:USDA FAS
Author:n/a

Mexico's Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishery and Food (SAGARPA) plans to create a Technical and Scientific Committee for Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) to be in charge of SAGARPA's analysis of GMOs, according to this report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA FAS). The new GMO committee will also issue technical opinions with respect to requests and notices, in accordance with Mexico's Biosafety Law on GMOs. [According to a related report (USDA FAS; June 23), SAGARPA has announced the cancelation of a set of Mexican requirements published in 1996 (NOM-056-FITO-1995), which regulated GMO importation, domestic shipment, and fields trials. SAGARPA says the requirements are no longer necessary because of the more recent March 18, 2005 publication of Mexico's Biosafety Law of Genetically Modified Organisms. However, Mexico's biosafety regulations do require further elaboration, in accordance with the Biosafety Law, the report says.] The report can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www.seedquest.com/News/releases/2009/july/26768.htm

Defining 'Sustainable Agriculture'
Source:New York Times
Author:Jared Flesher

Work has been underway to develop a new "National Sustainable Agriculture Standard" for the U.S. under the guidelines of the American National Standards Institute. The article says genetically modified (GM) crops have been one point of contention in this process. A 58-member committee is working to develop the standards. The committee includes a variety of stakeholders such as the National Corn Growers Association, General Mills, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and American Farmland Trust. According to the article, one possible outcome of the effort could be a voluntary new "sustainable agriculture" label stamped on food. A preliminary "draft standard" from 2007 used organic agriculture as a starting point for sustainability, and it prohibited GM crops. But the article says groups such as the American Farm Bureau Federation and the United States Department of Agriculture balked at the draft, which was ultimately scrapped. The new goal is to find a standard that makes room for "any technology that increases agricultural sustainability," according to press release from the Leonardo Academy, an environmental think tank that is "refereeing" the debate. The article says many organic advocates do not agree, although they believe developing sustainability standards for use by all farmers could be valuable to their cause. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://greenbio.checkbiotech.org/news/defining_sustainable_agriculture

Event Notification: Tropical Crop Biotechnology Conference
Source:n/a
Author:n/a

The second Tropical Crop Biotechnology Conference is scheduled to take place July 22-25, 2009 at South Africa's Kruger National Park. The Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization (CSIRO) is the main organizer of the event. The event website is available at the link below.

http://www.tcbc2009.com/index.html

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Please note that it is the policy of Food Security and Ag-Biotech News to use the titles from the original source for summaries, and these do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editors.

Monday, 6 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Headlines for: 7/6/2009

East Africa: Banana Blight Puts Livelihoods at Risk
Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the U.S.

East Africa: Banana Blight Puts Livelihoods at Risk
Source:UN IRIN
Author:n/a

The bacterial disease banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) is a huge threat to East African banana production, specialists says. This article discusses the disease's impact and ways to combat it, including efforts to develop genetically modified (GM) bananas with BMX resistance. First reported about 40 years ago in Ethiopia, BXW is now endemic in most of Uganda (the world's second-largest banana producer after India), and has been reported in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Kenya, and Rwanda. Uganda's National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO) reports that at least half of the banana plantations in the affected districts of Uganda have been wiped out, threatening the food security of up to 14 million people. "If uncontrolled, BXW would spread at a rate of 8 percent per annum in cooking banana plantations, causing an estimated production loss of about 53 percent over a 10-year period," a report from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) warns. One problem, states Wafa Khoury, a plant pathologist and agricultural officer at the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), is that almost no natural resistance has been detected in existing banana varieties, meaning that BMX "could wipe out all cultivars planted in the continent." In 2008, Uganda announced plans to start testing GM bananas designed for BMX resistance. The bananas carry a gene from sweet pepper to counter the disease. Preliminary lab tests suggest that these bananas are resistant to BMX, NARO has said, but the article says their efforts have been hampered by inadequate funding. "In the meantime, BXW could wipe out all bananas," Khoury says. He recommends the use of "proper field management practices," which he says can contain the spread of the devastating disease. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200906170514.html

Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the U.S.
Source:USDA ERS
Author:n/a

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service (USDA ERS) has released new data on the extent of genetically modified (GM) crop adoption in the U.S. U.S. farmers are said to have adopted GM crops widely since their introduction in 1996, notwithstanding uncertainty about consumer acceptance and economic and environmental impacts. According to USDA survey data: 1) GM herbicide tolerant (HT) soybeans went from 17 percent of U.S. soybean acreage in 1997 to 91 percent in 2009; 2) plantings of GM HT cotton expanded from about 10 percent in 1997 to 71 percent in 2009; and 3) plantings of GM HT corn reached 68 percent of the U.S. total in 2009. Insect-resistant crops containing a gene from the soil bacterium Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) have been available for corn and cotton in the U.S. since 1996. Corn carrying the Bt gene now covers 63 percent of the area planted to corn in the U.S., the USDA ERS says. And Bt cotton plantings are now at 65 percent. The USDA ERS data set is available online at the link below.

http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/BiotechCrops/

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Please note that it is the policy of Food Security and Ag-Biotech News to use the titles from the original source for summaries, and these do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editors.

Thursday, 2 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Headlines for: 7/2/2009

Drought-Tolerant Seed Could Boost Corn Crop
The Genome-Assisted Barnyard
Serbia: New Law on GMO is Prohibiting Trade or Commercial Growing of GMO

Drought-Tolerant Seed Could Boost Corn Crop
Source:Wichita Eagle
Author:Rick Plumlee

Kraig Roozeboom, a crop ecologist at Kansas State University in the U.S., says the drought tolerant genetically modified (GM) corn variety recently developed by Monsanto and BASF could increase yields in the U.S. state of Kansas by up to 50 percent in dry years. "This could be very significant," Roozeboom says. Tom Ruff, director of yield and emerging technologies at Monsanto, says that once released, he expects the drought tolerant corn will increase U.S. corn yields by 6 to 10 percent annually. The GM corn is being targeted for commercial release in the U.S. in 2012, pending regulatory approval. The corn will be primarily targeted for planting on land that yields 130 bushels per acre or less, and that is not irrigated, Ruff says. Kansas corn yields have averaged 130.6 bushels per acre over the past 10 years, and 60 percent of the land planted to corn in the state is not irrigated. Ruff reports to Monsanto is currently doing research on a second drought tolerance gene, which he expects to further increase drought tolerance. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://greenbio.checkbiotech.org/news/drought_tolerant_seed_could_boost_corn_crop_0

The Genome-Assisted Barnyard
Source:Nature Biotechnology
Author:n/a

Progress in animal genomics is likely to have a "rapid and tangible" impact on agriculture, this editorial says. The latest milestone in animal genomics is the assembled sequence of the domestic cow (Bos Taurus), according to the editorial. The bovine genome follows the chicken sequence and precedes those of the pig and sheep, which are slated for release later this year and sometime in the next couple of years, respectively. The editorial says all of these livestock sequences provide insights into gene function, and will speed the development of molecular assisted breeding, an often speedier and more effective method of breeding livestock as well as plants. If marker-assisted breeding lives up to its early promise, it could change the face of animal health, welfare, and productivity, the editorial says. The editorial can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v27/n6/full/nbt0609-487.html

Serbia: New Law on GMO is Prohibiting Trade or Commercial Growing of GMO
Source:USDA FAS
Author:n/a

Serbia's National Parliament passed a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Law on May 29, 2009 that fully prohibits commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) plants, according to this report. The new law also prohibits trade in both live GMOs and products derived from GMOs. The new law means that Serbia will no longer be able to import soy meal (from GM Roundup Ready soybeans) to feed cattle, the report says. The report can be viewed online at the link below.

http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/New%20Law%20on%20GMO%20is%20prohibiting%20trade%20or%20commercial%20growing%20of%20GMO%20_Belgrade_Serbia_6-10-2009.pdf

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Please note that it is the policy of Food Security and Ag-Biotech News to use the titles from the original source for summaries, and these do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editors.

Wednesday, 1 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Headlines for: 7/1/2009

GM Maize for Local (Kenya) Trials by 2010
Disclose Toxicity Data of GM Foods: CIC to Biotech Dept
French Scientists: Germany’s GM Maize Ban Unfounded

GM Maize for Local (Kenya) Trials by 2010
Source:Daily Nation
Author:Bernard Muthaka

Kenya will soon start confined field trials of a drought-tolerant genetically modified (GM) maize variety, in a project spearheaded by Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), this press release reports. The project, known as the Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA) project, is in the process of seeking regulatory approval for the confined field trials from Kenya's National Biosafety Committee (NBC). WEMA's long-term goal is to make drought-tolerant maize varieties available royalty-free to small-scale farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The press release says that inadequate rainfall has been the biggest constraint on African agriculture, making drought tolerance one of the most important targets of crop improvement programs. WEMA is being implemented in five African countries: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa. The project is being funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and coordinated by the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF). Other institutions involved include the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and Monsanto. The request to conduct the confined field trial comes in addition to KARI's testing of Bt maize basis in confined field trials. The press release says Bt maize varieties provide hope for conquering the stem borer, a moth that is mainly responsible for on average 15 percent loss of maize yields. The press release can be viewed online at the link below.

http://www.aatf-africa.org/newsdetail.php?newsid=145

Disclose Toxicity Data of GM Foods: CIC to Biotech Dept
Source:Zee News
Author:n/a

India's Central Information Commission (CIC) has directed the national Department of Biotechnology (DBT) to provide "crucial data" pertaining to genetically modified (GM) crops to activist Divya Raghunandan of Greenpeace India. Raghunandan filed a petition for the information under India's RTI Act. The CIC decided that "toxicity and allergenicity of any product to be put on large-scale [field] trial is a matter of overriding public interest." The RTI Act exempts information from disclosure if it includes commercial confidence, trade secrets, or intellectual property, according to the article. But a rider to the act says that such details can be disclosed in the larger public interest. MAHYCO, which sells Bt cotton seeds in India and is involved in field testing a number of GM crops, had argued against Raghunandan, saying that disclosure of information pertaining of its agriculture products would affect MAHYCO's business interests. MAHYCO has now filed an appeal with the CIC to stop the disclosure from taking place. The article can be viewed online at the link below.

http://greenbio.checkbiotech.org/news/disclose_toxicity_data_gm_foods_cic_biotech_dept

French Scientists: Germany’s GM Maize Ban Unfounded
Source:Crop Biotech Update
Author:n/a

French researchers from the Joseph Fourier University, Paris-Sud 11 University, and the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) have analyzed the scientific justification put forth for Germany's recent ban on MON810 genetically modified (GM) maize. MON810 is the only GM crop that has been approved by the EU for commercial cultivation throughout the European bloc. When it banned MON810, Germany presented new data on the potential environmental impact of the insect-resistant maize, specifically two scientific papers describing laboratory feeding trials on ladybirds and daphnia, and previous data on Lepidoptera, aquatic, and soil organisms. The French research team found that the German ban "is based on an incomplete list of references, ignores the widely admitted case-by-case approach, and confuses potential hazard and proven risk in the scientific procedure of risk assessment." The researchers further stated that Germany's Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety invoked the ban "on the basis of two inconclusive laboratory studies, which were by nature insufficient to evaluate ecosystem-scale consequences." Their findings have been published in the journal Transgenic Research. More information and a link to the scientific article are available online at the link below.

http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/online/default.asp?Date=6/26/2009#4358

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FS-BT

Friday, 10 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Thursday, 9 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Wednesday, 8 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Tuesday, 7 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Monday, 6 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Thursday, 2 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

Wednesday, 1 July 2009

[Food Security and Ag-Biotech News]

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